VOOHU电子RJ45连接器分析

2、材料成分及产品特性

RJ45网络接口主要材料构成如下图所示：


三、产品特点：

屏蔽

Metal housing, providing EMI/RFI* protection. EMI/RFI* is unwanted electromagnetic energy (or "noise") within the frequency range commonly used in radio communications.
EMI：电磁干扰

· RFI——射频干扰

接地选项

外壳接地-与外壳接触接地

PCB 接地 -与 PCB 接触以进行接地


按键(接口)

Designed to be used with RJ45 male plugs to ensure proper mating, and can also accept standard plugs.

安装钉（焊脚）

提供板端焊接定位，并在焊接过程中提供定位固定支撑，但不具备板锁定功能。大多数 RJ45 母插座孔都配有某种类型的安装销。
端口是倒置的

The contacts are on the bottom and the latch is on the top for easy plugging and unplugging.
端口朝上

端口朝下


面板支撑挡块

提供额外的机械支撑，尤其是顶部接入千斤顶。

LED灯

Integrated into the female socket, no additional system space is required to install the indicator light. Available in a variety of colors and configurations.

2. VOOHU RJ45一般产品分类

1.按端口分类（单端口、多端口、可堆叠）


2、按产品速率分类（100M、1000M、5G、5G、10G）


3、根据产品机械结构（一体式、分体式、带/不带屏蔽、带/不带LED灯、端口角度90、180、45、沉板式、插件式、贴片式、常规高度和低高度）

4.特殊RJ45产品类型

按产品用途分类（防水RJ45、XLR RJ45（面板安装、板载、带/不带屏蔽、自锁、卡扣）、直通连接器、RJ45与其他接口集成）

3、RJ45选型建议

1. The difference between integrated and separate types and their respective applicable scenarios

RJ45连接器的分体式（无变压器/无磁性元件）和一体式（有网络变压器/磁性元件）是PCB板载母插座的核心类别。它们的选择直接影响电路设计、成本、性能和适用场景。下面对两者进行详细对比以及适用场景分析：

1.1 分立插孔/非-集成

结构特点：

无内置网络变压器，仅 RJ45 插座基础设施（触点、外壳、锁）。

An independent network transformer module (usually SMD or DIP package) needs to be connected to the PCB.

适用场景：

·工业控制及恶劣环境

Industrial equipment (PLC, HMI, servo drive) needs to resist strong electromagnetic interference (EMI), and the external transformer can be placed away from the interference source.

Support a wider temperature range (-40°C~105°C) to avoid high temperature failure of magnetic components.

·大功率PoE++设备

For devices that support 802.3bt (90W) (such as APs and cameras), the external transformer has better heat dissipation to avoid magnetic saturation caused by overheating.

·灵活的设计要求

Transformer parameters (such as isolation voltage and common mode rejection ratio) need to be customized to meet high reliability scenarios such as medical/military use.

·维修更换方便

When the transformer fails, only the independent module needs to be replaced, without disassembling the entire RJ45 socket.

缺点：

占用更大的PCB面积（变压器+插座），增加布局复杂性。

需要购买额外的变压器，且供应链管理成本较高。

1.2 集成RJ45母插座（集成/磁性插孔）

结构特点：

Built-in network transformer and common mode choke to achieve signal filtering, electrical isolation and impedance matching.

以单模块形式（SMT或DIP封装）直接焊接在PCB上。

适用场景：

· 消费类电子产品和小型设备

空间-受限产品（路由器、智能电视、NAS），高度集成，节省PCB面积。

· 标准以太网设备

Cat5e/Cat6 applications such as commercial-grade switches, printers, IP phones, etc., with less environmental interference.

· 低成本-量产需求

减少元件数量，简化SMT贴片流程，降低组装成本。

· 设计周期短的项目

No need to select a transformer separately, avoid impedance matching problems, and accelerate product launch.

缺点：

Limited heat dissipation, high-power PoE++ (>60W) may overheat (industrial enhanced type must be selected).

The anti-interference ability is weaker than the separate type (the transformer is close to the socket and is easily affected by the chassis noise).

The entire device needs to be replaced in case of failure, and the maintenance cost is high.

分体式RJ45母座（外置变压器）适用于恶劣环境（工业干扰、大功率PoE、宽温），而一体式RJ45母座（内置变压器）适用于空间有限、成本敏感的常规设备。

2. The difference between round pins and flat pins and their respective application scenarios

用于一般网络通信的Keystone插孔，其本体内部安装有8个金针（接触针，表面镀有一层厚度为50微英寸的镍镍金的金属线），用于连接安装在网络插头上的8个金锁片。通常，金引脚可分为截面积为0.166190251mm2的圆引脚和截面积为0.12mm2的扁引脚两种，镀金方法也不同。

生产工艺：

Round needles have always been made by drawing wires, and there is no waste in the manufacturing process. Since round needles have no directionality, they are easy to design for automated production;

扁针是由料带拉动扁针产生的，但实际加工使用后不再需要料带，因此会产生废料，1单位面积约产生0.6单位废料

From the production process, the stamping process is much greater than drawing wires in terms of the production cost of round needles and flat needles

镀金成本：

圆针采用全电镀技术，扁针还可以设定所选电镀顶面与公头的接触范围，从而大大降低成本，但面对自动化生产时，需要克服扁针方向控制的问题


机械性能及可靠性：

由于圆引脚的物理结构，圆引脚的可插拔性和对恶劣环境的适应能力通常大于扁引脚，因此圆引脚常用于工业设备，而扁引脚常用于消费电子设备

不同pin脚的应用场景：

圆针适用场景：

Industrial equipment (PLC/industrial computer), Cat6A+/10G high-speed transmission, high-power PoE++ (≥60W), harsh environments such as vehicle/medical

扁针适用场景：

Consumer electronics (routers/printers), Cat5e/Cat6 standard Ethernet, low-power PoE (≤30W), cost-sensitive mass-produced products

3、带屏蔽壳和不带屏蔽壳的产品差异

RJ45连接器插头分为非屏蔽和屏蔽两种。非屏蔽RJ45连接器插头是最常见的类型，结构简单，价格低廉，适用于电磁屏蔽要求不高的一般家庭和办公环境。屏蔽RJ45连接器插头具有更好的抗干扰和抗电磁泄漏能力，因此广泛应用于金融、医疗、军事等对信号传输质量和数据安全要求较高的场合。

屏蔽RJ45连接器插头外围覆盖有屏蔽层，可以有效减少外界干扰对信号传输的影响，提高数据传输的稳定性和准确性。同时，屏蔽RJ45连接器插头还可以防止电磁波泄漏，保护用户数据的安全。虽然屏蔽RJ45连接器插头的外观与非屏蔽插头没有什么区别，但在实际使用中它的作用非常重要。

四．产品可靠性验证项目

1. The difference between integrated and separate types and their respective applicable scenarios

基于集成RJ45镀金6u"的测试用例

电气测试通过

·接触电阻测试

·绝缘电阻

·耐高压

·插拔力及寿命测试；

·TR测试

·机械冲击/跌落测试

·可焊性、耐焊性、LED测试

·单PIN弹力

·振动测试

通过恶劣环境测试

·耐湿/恒温恒湿

·耐温测试/温度寿命

·盐雾24H测试；

·耐寒性

5.非标产品定制流程

网口内部密封性定制案例

一位客户使用了定制的公插头，连接到我们的样品后发现插头松动。随后他与我们的技术人员确认了需求。我们的技术人员根据需求定制模具，在规定时间内完成新需求样品的交付并通过测试，并实施批量生产和备货。

六．产品应用场景

Applicable to various industrial equipment and consumer electronics applications with RJ45 connection
需要以太网的工业应用
Industrial control, data communication, consumer electronics, photovoltaic energy storage, security monitoring, video control and other fields
七．参考设计原则

1.电压型PHY+网络变压器+RJ45
100 Base-T 分立传统电路

2.电压-驱动PHY+RJ45集成100M滤波器
Bob-Smith电路与电压驱动PHY连接，具有以下功能：
1、浪涌保护
2、阻抗匹配
3.减少EMC辐射


3.当前-类型PHY+RJ45集成千兆滤波器
The center tap connected to the current-driven PHY is pulled up to Vdd, which is the operating voltage of the PHY, and then connected to the ground capacitor (0.01uF - 0.1uF);
这里最显眼的是从数据线到地的 50Ω 电阻，位于集成的 RJ45 和 PHY 之间。原因是PHY入口处有一个高阻放大器，电阻防止数据信号在信号线上反射。
To prevent transient voltage overload, a TVS diode can be used between the integrated RJ45 and the PHY.

PHY 和 RJ45 之间的距离需要尽可能短。


4.电压-类型 PHY+RJ45集成100M滤波器（POE）
POE can provide energy for external peripheral devices. The figure shows a voltage source, which is called PSE (power supply equipment) here
First, the power supply voltage will be combined with the data signal. The current-driven 1000 Base-T diode bridge is the reverse polarity protection of the power supply device (PD)
In the schematic diagram, it is drawn next to the power supply device. If the risk of common-mode noise is high, it is recommended to place an additional common-mode choke in the PoE line.