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TVS Diode vs Zener Diode vs Varistor (MOV): Which One Should Protect Your Interface?

TVS Diode vs Zener Diode vs Varistor (MOV): Which One Should Protect Your Interface?

Use a TVS diode when a signal or low-voltage DC line must survive ESD and surge pulses with a tight clamping voltage. Use a varistor (MOV) on power inputs, where surge energy is large and capacitance does not matter. Use a Zener diode for steady voltage r

RJ11 vs RJ45 (8P8C): How the PCB Jacks Differ in Size, Contacts and Footprint

RJ11 vs RJ45 (8P8C): How the PCB Jacks Differ in Size, Contacts and Footprint

RJ11 and RJ45 jacks belong to the same modular-connector family, but they are not interchangeable. An RJ11-style jack has 6 positions and is usually fitted with 4 or 6 contacts (6P4C or 6P6C) for telephone, modem and some serial lines. The jack sold as RJ

PoE Pinout: Mode A vs Mode B and How the Center Taps Are Wired

PoE Pinout: Mode A vs Mode B and How the Center Taps Are Wired

Power over Ethernet carries DC on the RJ45 contacts, two pairs at a time. Alternative A (called Mode A at the powered device) uses contacts 1-2 and 3-6; Alternative B (Mode B) uses contacts 4-5 and 7-8. Each of these pair sets has one positive pair and on

IEEE 802.3bt PoE Magnetics: How to Choose the Data-Side LAN Transformer

IEEE 802.3bt PoE Magnetics: How to Choose the Data-Side LAN Transformer

In 4-pair operation, an IEEE 802.3bt (PoE++) port drives DC current through the cable-side center taps of the LAN transformer on all four pairs, so the data-side magnetics must carry that current and still keep the inductance the Ethernet signal needs. Ch

How to Test a Varistor (MOV): What a Multimeter Can and Cannot Tell You

How to Test a Varistor (MOV): What a Multimeter Can and Cannot Tell You

To test a metal oxide varistor (MOV), remove power, discharge the circuit and inspect the part for cracks, burn marks or a bulging coating. Then lift one lead and measure it with a multimeter on a high resistance range. A healthy MOV reads very high resis

What Is a Common Mode Choke and How Does It Work?

What Is a Common Mode Choke and How Does It Work?

A common mode choke (CMC) is an inductor with two windings on one shared magnetic core, connected in series with a pair of conductors such as a differential data pair or the two lines of a power input. The wanted current flows out on one conductor and bac

Shielded vs Unshielded RJ45 Connector: When Does a PCB Jack Need a Shield, and How Should It Be Grounded?

Shielded vs Unshielded RJ45 Connector: When Does a PCB Jack Need a Shield, and How Should It Be Grounded?

Short answer. Use a shielded RJ45 connector when the product will be cabled with shielded twisted pair (F/UTP, S/FTP and similar), when it sits in a metal enclosure that must meet tight emission or immunity limits, or when the port faces a noisy industria

How to directly determine whether RJ45 integrates a transformer: Technical and feasibility analysis

How to directly determine whether RJ45 integrates a transformer: Technical and feasibility analysis

1. IntroductionIn modern network communication, the RJ45 interface is widely used for Ethernet connections. The RJ45 interface can be integrated with or without a network transformer. The RJ45 interface integrated with a network transformer has significa

What Is a Current Sense Transformer and How Do You Choose One?

What Is a Current Sense Transformer and How Do You Choose One?

1、 Device IntroductionA current transformer (CT) is a device used to measure and protect the current in a circuit. It converts high current into low current through the principle of electromagnetic induction for the purpose of measuring and protecting ci

What Are the Types of Network Interfaces in Hardware, and What Sits Behind Each Port?

What Are the Types of Network Interfaces in Hardware, and What Sits Behind Each Port?

In today's digital age, network interfaces are key components that connect devices to the network, and their importance is self-evident. Whether it is a personal computer, server or various network devices, network interfaces play an indispensable role. T

【New Product Recommendation】Locking RJ45 Connectors full series products are now available!!!

New Product RecommendationLocking RJ45 Connectors full series products are now available!!!

New product recommendation - locking RJ45 connector seriesVOOHU Electronics has launched a new series of locking RJ45 connectors, designed for harsh environments, supporting high-speed data transmission and CAT6, which is an ideal choice for Ethernet communicatio

Ethernet Circuit Design: How Do You Connect the PHY, Magnetics and RJ45?

Ethernet Circuit Design: How Do You Connect the PHY, Magnetics and RJ45?

Overview of Ethernet Interface Hardware ArchitectureA typical Ethernet hardware interface consists of the following parts:CPU/MCU: Main control system, responsible for upper-layer protocol processing.MAC (Media Access Control): Media access contr

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