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VOOHU Electronics holds ISO 9001:2015 international quality management system certification, ISO 14001:2015 environmental certification, RoHS environmental certification, REACH certification, and CE certification.
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Whether to add a TVS device between the PHY and an integrated RJ45 depends fundamentally on the product's electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test requirements for EFT (electrical fast transient/burst), surge, etc.:
If the product has explicit EFT/surge protection standards (e.g., it must comply with IEC 61000-4-4, IEC 61000-4-5, etc.), it is recommended to add a TVS array protection device in the middle of the differential signal pairs between them. Such devices can effectively absorb the excess energy produced by EFT transients and surge impacts, preventing interference from entering the PHY chip through the signal link and ensuring stable chip operation. If the product has no related EFT/surge test requirements and the integrated RJ45 itself already has basic protection design, you can decide at your discretion based on the actual application scenario (e.g., whether it is in a complex electromagnetic environment); it is not mandatory.
Both HSGMII and SGMII are serial interfaces used to connect a chip's MAC layer to the PHY layer; the core differences lie in the supported rate and evolutionary positioning.
1. Core difference
SGMII: a standard gigabit interface, fixed to support a 1Gbps rate.
HSGMII: a high-speed evolution of SGMII, mainly supporting a 2.5Gbps rate, used to fill the bandwidth gap between gigabit and 10-gigabit.
2. Detailed explanation
SGMII (Serial Gigabit Media Independent Interface): the standard interface for gigabit Ethernet, technically mature and widely used in traditional gigabit network equipment.
HSGMII (High-Speed Gigabit Media Independent Interface): can be understood as "the 2.5G version of SGMII." It emerged mainly to meet the bandwidth needs of new applications such as Wi-Fi 6 and high-speed NAS that exceed 1G but do not reach 10G.
3. Typical application scenarios
Typical SGMII applications: gigabit switches, enterprise-grade routers, and various devices requiring gigabit wired connections.
Typical HSGMII applications: uplink ports of Wi-Fi 6/6E wireless access points (APs), 2.5G home switches, mid-to-high-end network-attached storage (NAS), and 5G small-cell backhaul.